Author Archives: clairesulos

Judgment of the Bird-Man

Akkadian cylinder seals depicting the Judgment of the Bird-Man have often been viewed in light of later texts, such as the Neo-Sumerian Ninurta’s Pride and Punishment and the Akkadian OB/SB Epic of Anzu. These mythological narratives portrayed the Anzu/bird-man as a divine thief, conquered by the warrior god Ninurta—though the stories differed on whether heContinue reading “Judgment of the Bird-Man”

Fall Colors

Enlil’s garden is awash in fall colors, with hints of the winter to come. The willows that I visited in early summer are beginning to turn golden yellow. Soon the leaves will cover the ground and the trees will go dormant, sleeping and perhaps dreaming of springtime. The willows provided inspiration for my novel, Inanna’sContinue reading “Fall Colors”

Inanna’s Willow

In Inanna’s Bargain, I explored the idea of multiple (fictitious) versions of ancient Mesopotamian myths, passed down and shared through oral traditions. With so many stories circulating, how did people know what to believe? “There are many legends about the tree of life, as well as other trees favored by the gods,” Beluga stated. “InContinue reading “Inanna’s Willow”

Inanna’s Father?

Who was Inanna’s father? One of the Sumerian creator gods: An, Enki, or Enlil? Or the moon god Nanna? By the late third millennium BCE, different genealogical traditions had developed concerning Inanna’s parentage. The location of her cult center next to the ancient White Temple in Uruk reinforced her early associations with the sky godContinue reading “Inanna’s Father?”

“I am Inana!”

“My father gave me the heavens and he gave me the earth. I am Inana! Which god compares with me?” “Enlil gave me the heavens and he gave me the earth. I am Inana! He gave me lordship, and he gave me queenship. He gave me battles and he gave me fighting. He gave me the stormwind andContinue reading ““I am Inana!””

The Enigmatic Bent Tree

The Sumerian myth of Gilgamesh, Enkidu and the Netherworld may have been illustrated by Akkadian cylinder seals depicting an enigmatic bent tree motif. Three examples include a female and male deity interacting within the curvature of the tree, while another god vigorously attacks the top of the tree with an axe. If this scene representsContinue reading “The Enigmatic Bent Tree”

Inanna and the Halub Tree

The story of Inanna and the halub tree makes up the first half of the Sumerian myth of Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Netherworld. The story seems to stand on its own, opening with a cosmological creation, and ending with the death of the halub tree (often interpreted as a willow). Indeed, the two halves ofContinue reading “Inanna and the Halub Tree”

The Anzu’s Story

Alongside starring in the Epic of Anzu, the divine storm bird was featured in other ancient Mesopotamian myths, raising the tantalizing idea that the same Anzu was involved in all of these stories—at least in the popular imagination. In a 1950 essay, “Akkadian Sidelights on a Fragmentary Epic,” Elizabeth Van Buren proposed an intriguing timelineContinue reading “The Anzu’s Story”

Flow

One of my latest images, Flowing Vases, portrays watery streams emerging from golden vessels, falling in a silvery cascade, merging with other streams above a base of lapis lazuli. In conceiving the design, I was inspired by ancient images of flowing vases celebrating Enki/Ea, Mesopotamian creator god of waters, wisdom, crafts and magic. Putting penContinue reading “Flow”